January 1, 1978 in Turkey
العربية - [Support the project - submit available references]
Türk – [Support the project - submit available references]
Kurdî/کوردی – [Support the project - submit available references]
January 1, 1961 in Turkey
العربية - [Support the project - submit available references]
Türk – [Support the project - submit available references]
Kurdî/کوردی – [Support the project - submit available references]
January 1, 1924 in Turkey
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Türk - [Support the project - submit available references]
Kurdî/کوردی – [Support the project - submit available references]
Explanation and Constitution in English
January 1, 1921 in Turkey
العربية - [Support the project - submit available references]
Türk – [Support the project - submit available references]
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August 21, 1909 in Turkey
العربية - [Support the project - submit available references]
Türk – [Support the project - submit available references]
Kurdî/کوردی – [Support the project - submit available references]
English – [below the text of the 1876 Ottoman Constitution]
1. Richard Devereux, The first Ottoman Constitutional Period, a study of the Midhat Constitution and Parliament (1963).
2. H Kayali, Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 27 International Journal of Middle East Studies 265–286 (1995).
3. Walter F. Weiker, The Ottoman Bureaucracy: Modernization and Reform, 13 Administrative Science Quarterly 451–470 (1968).
December 23, 1876 in Turkey
العربية - [Support the project - submit available references]
Türk – [Support the project - submit available references]
Kurdî/کوردی – [Support the project - submit available references]
1. Richard Devereux, The first Ottoman Constitutional Period, a study of the Midhat Constitution and Parliament (1963).
2. H Kayali, Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 27 International Journal of Middle East Studies 265–286 (1995).
3. Walter F. Weiker, The Ottoman Bureaucracy: Modernization and Reform, 13 Administrative Science Quarterly 451–470 (1968).
November 3, 1839 in Turkey
العربية - [Support the project - submit available references]
Türk – [Support the project - submit available references]
Kurdî/کوردی – [Support the project - submit available references]
1. University of Michigan, Electronic Middle East Sourcebook, Islamfiche Project, June 8, 2004, Link (last visited May 11, 2012).
2. Niyazi Berkes, The Development of Secularism in Turkey (1964).
3. Bernhard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (1961).
4. Butrus Abu Manneh, The Islamic Roots of the Gülhane Rescript, 34 Die Welt des Islams 173–203 (1994).
5. Erik J. Zürcher, Turkey: A Modern History (1998).
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